As of 2026, Copenhagen is the most compassionate global city (100.0/100, Exemplary) and Pyongyang the least (0.0/100, Critical) on the Compassion Benchmark Global Cities Index, which scores 250 cities across 8 dimensions.
Global Cities Compassion Benchmark · 2026
Most & Least Compassionate Cities in the World 2026
Comparative benchmark of 250 cities worldwide across governance, equity, healthcare access, social protection, and structural care capacity.
250Cities ranked
35Mean score
31.3Median score
8Dimensions
2026Publication year
Band distribution
Most and least compassionate
Top 5 and bottom 5 entities in the Global Cities by composite score, with position relative to the field median.
Most and least compassionate — Global Cities
Most compassionate
Least compassionate
Source: Compassion Benchmark · CC-BY
Cite this chart
Citation
Compassion Benchmark — Most and least compassionate — Global Cities. compassionbenchmark.com/global-cities. CC-BY 4.0.
By Region: mean composite breakdown
Mean composite by Region — Global Cities
Ranked highest to lowest. Reference line at index mean (35.0).
Source: Compassion Benchmark · CC-BY
Cite this chart
Citation
Compassion Benchmark — Mean composite by Region — Global Cities. compassionbenchmark.com/global-cities. CC-BY 4.0.
Full rankings
Search, filter by country or region, and sort the complete global cities benchmark index.
AWR Awareness ·EMP Empathy ·ACT Action ·EQU Equity ·BND Boundaries ·ACC Accountability ·SYS Systems ·INT Integrity
How to read the scores
The 0–100 scale — five bands
Every entity — state, corporation, AI lab, robotics lab, or city — is scored 0–100 across 8 dimensions and 40 subdimensions. The composite score places the entity in one of five bands:
Critical0–20Foundational compassion practices are absent or documented active harm is present.
Developing20–40Some practices are emerging but remain inconsistent, reactive, or unevenly applied.
Functional40–60Core practices exist and meet a basic bar, with significant gaps remaining.
Established60–80Practices are systematic, documented, and supported by consistent evidence.
Exemplary80–100Practices are independently verified, consistent, and sustained under pressure.
The 8 dimensions
Each dimension is scored 1–5 across 5 subdimensions (40 subdimensions total), then converted to a 0–100 composite. A score of 1.0 on a subdimension represents the minimum anchor; 5.0 is exemplary conduct.
AWRAwarenessDoes this entity reliably detect when others are in pain or need — before they name it?
EMPEmpathyDoes this entity genuinely connect with the inner experience of those it serves?
ACTActionDoes compassionate understanding translate into real, proportional, effective help?
EQUEquityIs care distributed fairly — especially toward those with greatest need and least power?
BNDBoundariesIs helping sustainable, ethical, and autonomy-preserving — not dependency-creating?
ACCAccountabilityDoes this entity own its failures, correct course, and make genuine repair?
SYSSystemic ThinkingDoes compassion extend to root causes and structural change — not only symptom relief?
INTIntegrityIs compassion genuine, consistent, and non-performative — especially when it costs something?
Scores are based on public evidence — government reports, regulatory filings, independent audits, judicial findings, and verifiable third-party records. Entities never pay for inclusion, score changes, or suppression of findings. Full methodology
| Rank | City | Country | Region | AWR | EMP | ACT | EQU | BND | ACC | SYS | INT | Score | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Copenhagen | Denmark | NEur | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 100 | exemplary |
| 2 | Helsinki | Finland | NEur | 5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 100 | exemplary |
| 3 | Oslo | Norway | NEur | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 | 100 | exemplary |
| 4 | Stockholm | Sweden | NEur | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 | 100 | exemplary |
| 5 | Vienna | Austria | NEur | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 100 | exemplary |
| 6 | Zurich | Switzerland | NEur | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 99.1 | exemplary |
| 7 | Aarhus | Denmark | NEur | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 95.9 | exemplary |
| 8 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | NEur | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 94.4 | exemplary |
| 9 | Bern | Switzerland | WEur | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 94.4 | exemplary |
| 10 | Gothenburg | Sweden | NEur | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 92.8 | exemplary |
| 11 | Munich | Germany | NEur | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 89.7 | exemplary |
| 12 | Hamburg | Germany | WEur | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 86.1 | exemplary |
| 13 | Ljubljana | Slovenia | EEur | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 81.4 | exemplary |
| 14 | Montevideo | Uruguay | SAm | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 81.4 | exemplary |
| 15 | Tallinn | Estonia | EEur | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 | 79.4 | established |
| 16 | Melbourne | Australia | Ocean | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 77.4 | established |
| 17 | Barcelona | Spain | WEur | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 75.9 | established |
| 18 | Berlin | Germany | WEur | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 75.9 | established |
| 19 | Rotterdam | Netherlands | WEur | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 75.9 | established |
| 20 | Montreal | Canada | NAm | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 74.3 | established |
| 21 | Taipei | Taiwan | EAsia | 4 | 4 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 4 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4 | 73.3 | established |
| 22 | Wellington | New Zealand | Ocean | 3.8 | 4 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 4 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 71.3 | established |
| 23 | Lyon | France | WEur | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 70.8 | established |
| 24 | Auckland | New Zealand | Ocean | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 67.2 | established |
| 25 | Brussels | Belgium | WEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 65.6 | established |
| 26 | Madrid | Spain | WEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 65.6 | established |
| 27 | Sydney | Australia | Ocean | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 65.6 | established |
| 28 | Tokyo | Japan | EAsia | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 64.1 | established |
| 29 | Osaka | Japan | EAsia | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 62.5 | established |
| 30 | Paris | France | WEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 62.5 | established |
| 31 | Bratislava | Slovakia | EEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 60.9 | established |
| 32 | Bridgetown | Barbados | Carib | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 60.9 | established |
| 33 | Lisbon | Portugal | WEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 60.9 | established |
| 34 | Porto | Portugal | WEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 60.9 | established |
| 35 | Prague | Czech Republic | EEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 60.9 | established |
| 36 | Riga | Latvia | EEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 60.9 | established |
| 37 | Seoul | South Korea | EAsia | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 60.9 | established |
| 38 | Toronto | Canada | NAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 60.9 | established |
| 39 | Valencia | Spain | SEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 60.9 | established |
| 40 | Vancouver | Canada | NAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 60.9 | established |
| 41 | Vilnius | Lithuania | EEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 60.9 | established |
| 42 | Warsaw | Poland | EEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 59.4 | functional |
| 43 | Boston | USA | NAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 57.8 | functional |
| 44 | Milan | Italy | SEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 57.8 | functional |
| 45 | Seville | Spain | SEur | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 57.8 | functional |
| 46 | Singapore | Singapore | EAsia | 3.5 | 3 | 4.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 2.5 | 56.2 | functional |
| 47 | Bogotá | Colombia | SAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 54.7 | functional |
| 48 | Dublin | Ireland | WEur | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 54.7 | functional |
| 49 | Medellín | Colombia | SAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 54.7 | functional |
| 50 | Portland | USA | NAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 54.7 | functional |
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| 51 | Seattle | USA | NAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 53.1 | functional |
| 52 | Minneapolis | USA | NAm | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 51.6 | functional |
| 53 | Kyiv | Ukraine | EEur | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 50 | functional |
| 54 | Castries | Saint Lucia | Carib | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 48.4 | functional |
| 55 | Mendoza | Argentina | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 48.4 | functional |
| 56 | New York City | USA | NAm | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 48.4 | functional |
| 57 | Porto Alegre | Brazil | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 48.4 | functional |
| 58 | San José | Costa Rica | CAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 48.4 | functional |
| 59 | Santiago | Chile | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 48.4 | functional |
| 60 | Tel Aviv | Israel | MEast | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 48.4 | functional |
| 61 | Washington DC | USA | NAm | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 48.4 | functional |
| 62 | Zagreb | Croatia | EEur | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 48.4 | functional |
| 63 | Athens | Greece | SEur | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 46.9 | functional |
| 64 | Budapest | Hungary | EEur | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 46.9 | functional |
| 65 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 46.9 | functional |
| 66 | Curitiba | Brazil | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 46.9 | functional |
| 67 | La Paz | Bolivia | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 46.9 | functional |
| 68 | San Francisco | USA | NAm | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2 | 46.9 | functional |
| 69 | Córdoba | Argentina | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 45.3 | functional |
| 70 | Florianópolis | Brazil | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 45.3 | functional |
| 71 | Rome | Italy | SEur | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 45.3 | functional |
| 72 | Belo Horizonte | Brazil | SAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 43.8 | functional |
| 73 | Cape Town | South Africa | Afric | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 43.8 | functional |
| 74 | Houston | USA | NAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 43.8 | functional |
| 75 | Mexico City | Mexico | NAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 43.8 | functional |
| 76 | Philadelphia | USA | NAm | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 43.8 | functional |
| 77 | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | SEAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 40.6 | developing |
| 78 | Atlanta | USA | NAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 39.1 | developing |
| 79 | Bucharest | Romania | EEur | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 39.1 | developing |
| 80 | Detroit | USA | NAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 37.5 | developing |
| 81 | Sarajevo | Bosnia | EEur | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 37.5 | developing |
| 82 | Sucre | Bolivia | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 37.5 | developing |
| 83 | Amman | Jordan | MEast | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | developing |
| 84 | Bucaramanga | Colombia | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | developing |
| 85 | Chicago | USA | NAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 35.9 | developing |
| 86 | Gaborone | Botswana | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | developing |
| 87 | Kigali | Rwanda | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 35.9 | developing |
| 88 | Los Angeles | USA | NAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 35.9 | developing |
| 89 | Muscat | Oman | MEast | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | developing |
| 90 | Nassau | Bahamas | Carib | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | developing |
| 91 | Sofia | Bulgaria | EEur | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | developing |
| 92 | Yerevan | Armenia | MEast | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | developing |
| 93 | Accra | Ghana | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
| 94 | Barranquilla | Colombia | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
| 95 | Colombo | Sri Lanka | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
| 96 | Dakar | Senegal | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
| 97 | Georgetown | Guyana | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
| 98 | Paramaribo | Suriname | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
| 99 | Port of Spain | Trinidad & T. | Carib | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
| 100 | Windhoek | Namibia | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 34.4 | developing |
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| 101 | Bangalore | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 102 | Bangkok | Thailand | SEAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 103 | Campo Grande | Brazil | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 104 | Delhi | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 105 | Istanbul | Turkey | MEast | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 106 | Jakarta | Indonesia | SEAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 107 | Johannesburg | South Africa | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 108 | Kumasi | Ghana | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 109 | Mumbai | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 110 | Naples | Italy | SEur | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 111 | Palmas | Brazil | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 112 | Panama City | Panama | CAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 113 | Phoenix | USA | NAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 114 | Recife | Brazil | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 115 | Rosario | Argentina | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 116 | São Paulo | Brazil | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 117 | Surabaya | Indonesia | SEAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 32.8 | developing |
| 118 | Tbilisi | Georgia | MEast | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 32.8 | developing |
| 119 | Ankara | Turkey | MEast | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 120 | Bandung | Indonesia | SEAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 121 | Belém | Brazil | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 122 | Cali | Colombia | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 123 | Casablanca | Morocco | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 124 | Chennai | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 125 | Goiânia | Brazil | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 126 | Hyderabad | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 127 | Kolkata | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 128 | Lima | Peru | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 129 | Nairobi | Kenya | Afric | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 130 | Pune | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 131 | Quito | Ecuador | SAm | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 132 | Santo Domingo | Dom. Republic | Carib | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 31.3 | developing |
| 133 | Chengdu | China | EAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | 1.5 | 29.7 | developing |
| 134 | Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | SEAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 29.7 | developing |
| 135 | Shanghai | China | EAsia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | 1.5 | 29.7 | developing |
| 136 | Surat | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 29.7 | developing |
| 137 | Jaipur | India | SAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 28.1 | developing |
| 138 | Kuwait City | Kuwait | MEast | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 28.1 | developing |
| 139 | Shenzhen | China | EAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | 1.5 | 28.1 | developing |
| 140 | Ulaanbaatar | Mongolia | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 28.1 | developing |
| 141 | Hong Kong | China | EAsia | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 26.9 | developing |
| 142 | Changsha | China | EAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 25 | developing |
| 143 | Hangzhou | China | EAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 25 | developing |
| 144 | Nanjing | China | EAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 25 | developing |
| 145 | Suzhou | China | EAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 25 | developing |
| 146 | Almaty | Kazakhstan | CAsia | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 147 | Beijing | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 148 | Chongqing | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 149 | Dhaka | Bangladesh | SEAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 150 | Guangzhou | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
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| 151 | Havana | Cuba | Carib | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 152 | Lusaka | Zambia | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 23.4 | developing |
| 153 | Manila | Philippines | SEAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 154 | Nanning | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 155 | Tianjin | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 156 | Wuhan | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 157 | Xi'an | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 158 | Zhengzhou | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 23.4 | developing |
| 159 | Tunis | Tunisia | Afric | 2 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 22.5 | developing |
| 160 | Abu Dhabi | UAE | MEast | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 21.9 | developing |
| 161 | Algiers | Algeria | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 162 | Cotonou | Benin | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 21.9 | developing |
| 163 | Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 21.9 | developing |
| 164 | Dubai | UAE | MEast | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 21.9 | developing |
| 165 | Fuzhou | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 166 | Harbin | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 167 | Jinan | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 168 | Kingston | Jamaica | Carib | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 169 | Kunming | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 170 | Lilongwe | Malawi | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 21.9 | developing |
| 171 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 172 | Shenyang | China | EAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 21.9 | developing |
| 173 | Cairo | Egypt | MEast | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 174 | Fortaleza | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 175 | Guayaquil | Ecuador | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 176 | João Pessoa | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 177 | Manaus | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 178 | Natal | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 179 | Quezon City | Philippines | SEAsia | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 180 | Salvador | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 181 | San Salvador | El Salvador | CAm | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 20.3 | developing |
| 182 | Abidjan | Côte d'Ivoire | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 183 | Abuja | Nigeria | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 184 | Addis Ababa | Ethiopia | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 185 | Ahmedabad | India | SAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 186 | Asunción | Paraguay | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 187 | Baku | Azerbaijan | MEast | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 188 | Beirut | Lebanon | MEast | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 189 | Boa Vista | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 190 | Chittagong | Bangladesh | SEAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 191 | Freetown | Sierra Leone | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 192 | Guatemala City | Guatemala | CAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 193 | Ibadan | Nigeria | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 194 | Islamabad | Pakistan | SAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 195 | Kampala | Uganda | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 196 | Karachi | Pakistan | SAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 197 | Lahore | Pakistan | SAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 198 | Libreville | Gabon | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 199 | Macapá | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 200 | Maceió | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| Purchase the Global Cities Index Report — $195, delivered as PDF Complete rankings for 250 cities worldwide with regional analysis, country-level patterns, and structural findings. Buy on Gumroad | |||||||||||||
| 201 | Maputo | Mozambique | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 202 | Maseru | Lesotho | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 203 | Medan | Indonesia | SEAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 204 | Monrovia | Liberia | Afric | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 205 | Phnom Penh | Cambodia | SEAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 206 | Rio Branco | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 207 | São Luís | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 208 | Tashkent | Uzbekistan | CAsia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 209 | Tegucigalpa | Honduras | CAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 210 | Teresina | Brazil | SAm | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 18.8 | critical |
| 211 | Dongguan | China | EAsia | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 17.2 | critical |
| 212 | Lagos | Nigeria | Afric | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2 | 1.6 | 16.9 | critical |
| 213 | Moscow | Russia | EEur | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 15.6 | critical |
| 214 | Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | MEast | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 15.6 | critical |
| 215 | Tehran | Iran | MEast | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 15.6 | critical |
| 216 | Porto Velho | Brazil | SAm | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 14.1 | critical |
| 217 | Kathmandu | Nepal | SAsia | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 13.8 | critical |
| 218 | Minsk | Belarus | EEur | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10.9 | critical |
| 219 | Porto-Novo | Benin | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 10.9 | critical |
| 220 | Yangon | Myanmar | SEAsia | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10.9 | critical |
| 221 | Baghdad | Iraq | MEast | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 9.4 | critical |
| 222 | Davao | Philippines | SEAsia | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 9.4 | critical |
| 223 | Antananarivo | Madagascar | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 224 | Bamako | Mali | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 225 | Brazzaville | Rep. Congo | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 226 | Caracas | Venezuela | SAm | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 227 | Conakry | Guinea | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 228 | Djibouti City | Djibouti | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 229 | Harare | Zimbabwe | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 230 | Kano | Nigeria | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 231 | Khartoum | Sudan | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 232 | Kinshasa | DRC | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 233 | Lome | Togo | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 234 | Managua | Nicaragua | CAm | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 235 | Maracaibo | Venezuela | SAm | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 236 | Mbabane | Eswatini | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 237 | Mogadishu | Somalia | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 238 | N'Djamena | Chad | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 239 | Niamey | Niger | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 240 | Nouakchott | Mauritania | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 241 | Ouagadougou | Burkina Faso | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 242 | Peshawar | Pakistan | SAsia | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 243 | Tripoli | Libya | Afric | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.8 | critical |
| 244 | Ashgabat | Turkmenistan | CAsia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | critical |
| 245 | Asmara | Eritrea | Afric | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | critical |
| 246 | Bangui | Cent. Afr. Rep. | Afric | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | critical |
| 247 | Kabul | Afghanistan | MEast | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | critical |
| 248 | Naypyidaw | Myanmar | SEAsia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | critical |
| 249 | Port-au-Prince | Haiti | Carib | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | critical |
| 250 | Pyongyang | North Korea | EAsia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | critical |
Showing 250 of 250 entities
Global Cities Compassion Benchmark Index 2026 — Complete Rankings
| Rank | City | Composite Score | Band | AWR | EMP | ACT | EQU | BND | ACC | SYS | INT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Copenhagen | 100 | exemplary | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 2 | Helsinki | 100 | exemplary | 5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 3 | Oslo | 100 | exemplary | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 |
| 4 | Stockholm | 100 | exemplary | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 |
| 5 | Vienna | 100 | exemplary | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 |
| 6 | Zurich | 99.1 | exemplary | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| 7 | Aarhus | 95.9 | exemplary | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| 8 | Amsterdam | 94.4 | exemplary | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 |
| 9 | Bern | 94.4 | exemplary | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| 10 | Gothenburg | 92.8 | exemplary | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 |
| 11 | Munich | 89.7 | exemplary | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 |
| 12 | Hamburg | 86.1 | exemplary | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4 |
| 13 | Ljubljana | 81.4 | exemplary | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 14 | Montevideo | 81.4 | exemplary | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 15 | Tallinn | 79.4 | established | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 4 |
| 16 | Melbourne | 77.4 | established | 4 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
| 17 | Barcelona | 75.9 | established | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
| 18 | Berlin | 75.9 | established | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
| 19 | Rotterdam | 75.9 | established | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
| 20 | Montreal | 74.3 | established | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 |
| 21 | Taipei | 73.3 | established | 4 | 4 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 4 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4 |
| 22 | Wellington | 71.3 | established | 3.8 | 4 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 4 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| 23 | Lyon | 70.8 | established | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 |
| 24 | Auckland | 67.2 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 |
| 25 | Brussels | 65.6 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 |
| 26 | Madrid | 65.6 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 |
| 27 | Sydney | 65.6 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.5 |
| 28 | Tokyo | 64.1 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.5 |
| 29 | Osaka | 62.5 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 30 | Paris | 62.5 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 |
| 31 | Bratislava | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 32 | Bridgetown | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 33 | Lisbon | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 34 | Porto | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 35 | Prague | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 36 | Riga | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 37 | Seoul | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 |
| 38 | Toronto | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 |
| 39 | Valencia | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 |
| 40 | Vancouver | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 |
| 41 | Vilnius | 60.9 | established | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 42 | Warsaw | 59.4 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 |
| 43 | Boston | 57.8 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 3 |
| 44 | Milan | 57.8 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 |
| 45 | Seville | 57.8 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 |
| 46 | Singapore | 56.2 | functional | 3.5 | 3 | 4.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 2.5 |
| 47 | Bogotá | 54.7 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 |
| 48 | Dublin | 54.7 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 |
| 49 | Medellín | 54.7 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 |
| 50 | Portland | 54.7 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| 51 | Seattle | 53.1 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| 52 | Minneapolis | 51.6 | functional | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| 53 | Kyiv | 50 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 |
| 54 | Castries | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 55 | Mendoza | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 56 | New York City | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| 57 | Porto Alegre | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 |
| 58 | San José | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 59 | Santiago | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 60 | Tel Aviv | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| 61 | Washington DC | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| 62 | Zagreb | 48.4 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 63 | Athens | 46.9 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 64 | Budapest | 46.9 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 65 | Buenos Aires | 46.9 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 66 | Curitiba | 46.9 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| 67 | La Paz | 46.9 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 68 | San Francisco | 46.9 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2 |
| 69 | Córdoba | 45.3 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 70 | Florianópolis | 45.3 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 71 | Rome | 45.3 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 72 | Belo Horizonte | 43.8 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 73 | Cape Town | 43.8 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 74 | Houston | 43.8 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 75 | Mexico City | 43.8 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 76 | Philadelphia | 43.8 | functional | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 77 | Kuala Lumpur | 40.6 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 78 | Atlanta | 39.1 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 79 | Bucharest | 39.1 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 80 | Detroit | 37.5 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| 81 | Sarajevo | 37.5 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 82 | Sucre | 37.5 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 83 | Amman | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 84 | Bucaramanga | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 85 | Chicago | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 |
| 86 | Gaborone | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 87 | Kigali | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 88 | Los Angeles | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 |
| 89 | Muscat | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 90 | Nassau | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 91 | Sofia | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 92 | Yerevan | 35.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 93 | Accra | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 94 | Barranquilla | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 95 | Colombo | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 96 | Dakar | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 97 | Georgetown | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 98 | Paramaribo | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 99 | Port of Spain | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 100 | Windhoek | 34.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 101 | Bangalore | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 102 | Bangkok | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 103 | Campo Grande | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 104 | Delhi | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 105 | Istanbul | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 106 | Jakarta | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 107 | Johannesburg | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 108 | Kumasi | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 109 | Mumbai | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 110 | Naples | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 111 | Palmas | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 112 | Panama City | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 113 | Phoenix | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 114 | Recife | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 115 | Rosario | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 116 | São Paulo | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 117 | Surabaya | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 118 | Tbilisi | 32.8 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 119 | Ankara | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 120 | Bandung | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 121 | Belém | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 122 | Cali | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 123 | Casablanca | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 124 | Chennai | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 125 | Goiânia | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 126 | Hyderabad | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 127 | Kolkata | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 128 | Lima | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 129 | Nairobi | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 130 | Pune | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 131 | Quito | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 132 | Santo Domingo | 31.3 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 133 | Chengdu | 29.7 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | 1.5 |
| 134 | Ho Chi Minh City | 29.7 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 135 | Shanghai | 29.7 | developing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | 1.5 |
| 136 | Surat | 29.7 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 137 | Jaipur | 28.1 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 138 | Kuwait City | 28.1 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 139 | Shenzhen | 28.1 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | 1.5 |
| 140 | Ulaanbaatar | 28.1 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 2 |
| 141 | Hong Kong | 26.9 | developing | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
| 142 | Changsha | 25 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 143 | Hangzhou | 25 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 144 | Nanjing | 25 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 145 | Suzhou | 25 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 146 | Almaty | 23.4 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 147 | Beijing | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 148 | Chongqing | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 149 | Dhaka | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 150 | Guangzhou | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 151 | Havana | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 152 | Lusaka | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 153 | Manila | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 154 | Nanning | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 155 | Tianjin | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 156 | Wuhan | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 157 | Xi'an | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 158 | Zhengzhou | 23.4 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 159 | Tunis | 22.5 | developing | 2 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
| 160 | Abu Dhabi | 21.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1 |
| 161 | Algiers | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 162 | Cotonou | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 163 | Dar es Salaam | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 164 | Dubai | 21.9 | developing | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1 |
| 165 | Fuzhou | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 166 | Harbin | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 167 | Jinan | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 168 | Kingston | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 169 | Kunming | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 170 | Lilongwe | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 171 | Rio de Janeiro | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| 172 | Shenyang | 21.9 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 173 | Cairo | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 174 | Fortaleza | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 175 | Guayaquil | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 176 | João Pessoa | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 177 | Manaus | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 178 | Natal | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 179 | Quezon City | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 180 | Salvador | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 181 | San Salvador | 20.3 | developing | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 182 | Abidjan | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 183 | Abuja | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 184 | Addis Ababa | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 185 | Ahmedabad | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 186 | Asunción | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 187 | Baku | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 188 | Beirut | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 189 | Boa Vista | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 190 | Chittagong | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 191 | Freetown | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 192 | Guatemala City | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 193 | Ibadan | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 194 | Islamabad | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 195 | Kampala | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 196 | Karachi | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 197 | Lahore | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 198 | Libreville | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 199 | Macapá | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 200 | Maceió | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 201 | Maputo | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 202 | Maseru | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 203 | Medan | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 204 | Monrovia | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 205 | Phnom Penh | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 206 | Rio Branco | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 207 | São Luís | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 208 | Tashkent | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 209 | Tegucigalpa | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 210 | Teresina | 18.8 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 211 | Dongguan | 17.2 | critical | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| 212 | Lagos | 16.9 | critical | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2 | 1.6 |
| 213 | Moscow | 15.6 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 214 | Riyadh | 15.6 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 215 | Tehran | 15.6 | critical | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 216 | Porto Velho | 14.1 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| 217 | Kathmandu | 13.8 | critical | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.4 |
| 218 | Minsk | 10.9 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 219 | Porto-Novo | 10.9 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| 220 | Yangon | 10.9 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 221 | Baghdad | 9.4 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 222 | Davao | 9.4 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 223 | Antananarivo | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 224 | Bamako | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 225 | Brazzaville | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 226 | Caracas | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 227 | Conakry | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 228 | Djibouti City | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 229 | Harare | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 230 | Kano | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 231 | Khartoum | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 232 | Kinshasa | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 233 | Lome | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 234 | Managua | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 235 | Maracaibo | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 236 | Mbabane | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 237 | Mogadishu | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 238 | N'Djamena | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 239 | Niamey | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 240 | Nouakchott | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 241 | Ouagadougou | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 242 | Peshawar | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 243 | Tripoli | 7.8 | critical | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 244 | Ashgabat | 0 | critical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 245 | Asmara | 0 | critical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 246 | Bangui | 0 | critical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 247 | Kabul | 0 | critical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 248 | Naypyidaw | 0 | critical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 249 | Port-au-Prince | 0 | critical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 250 | Pyongyang | 0 | critical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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Frequently asked questions
What is the most compassionate city in the world in 2026?
As of 2026, Copenhagen is the most compassionate city globally on the Compassion Benchmark, with a composite score of 100.0/100 (Exemplary).
What is the least compassionate global city in 2026?
As of 2026, Pyongyang ranks last in the Compassion Benchmark Global Cities Index, with a composite score of 0.0/100 (Critical).
How many cities are scored globally?
The Compassion Benchmark Global Cities Index scores 250 cities worldwide across 8 dimensions of institutional compassion.
How is the compassion score calculated?
The score is a composite across 8 dimensions (Awareness, Empathy, Action, Equity, Boundaries, Accountability, Systemic Impact, and Integrity), each scored 0–5 from behavioral evidence, then converted to a 0–100 scale with an integration premium for balanced profiles. See compassionbenchmark.com/methodology for the full framework.
Who runs the Compassion Benchmark, and can a city pay for a better score?
The Compassion Benchmark is an independent benchmark institution. No city can pay for inclusion, a higher score, or the suppression of findings — every city in this index is scored from public evidence, not by application.